Thursday, February 22, 2007

Toasters in a Vast Wasteland

Legislators, spurred by fear and prodded by Industry Lobbyists, are restricting innovation and the culture that spawns it. Lessig documents this devils' bargain in the second third of his book Free Culture. This section documents the increasingly draconian interpretations of intellectual property law. A few posts earlier I shared my thoughts as I read Free Culture. Lawrence Lessig's grasp of the facts and gift for rhetoric remains undeniable. One facet of this thesis leapt out at me.


The issue of monopoly and media concentration is crucial to the United States. Numerous parallels in history exist to demonstrate the dangers to liberty of allowing a small group to be gatekeepers of information. Lessig's description of Congers provides us with cautionary tale. A few words removed however creates an eerie sense of immediacy to remind us how vigilant we must be.

they were increasingly seen as monopolists of the worst kind tools of the crown's repression selling liberty of England to guarantee themselves a monopoly profit…. Many believed the power the booksellers exercised over the spread of knowledge was harming that spread, just at the time the
Enlightenment
was teaching the importance of knowledge and education spread generally. The idea that knowledge should be free was a hallmark of the time and these powerful commercial interests were interfering with that idea.

The historical effects of monopoly is still readily apparent. Its impressions can be found in innumerable places including but not limited to the American Constitution. The most superficial research shows Thomas Jefferson and James Madison greatest concern was not whether Monopolies were good, rather the letters show the two founding fathers discussing whether any monopoly even a temporary one was advisable.

Lessig, Lawrence. Free Culture. New York: Penguin Books, 2004.

Thursday, February 15, 2007

Technology and Intellectual Property

Once upon a time, a man named Thomas Edison had a company called Edison’s Motion Picture Patent Company. This company held the majority of patents relevant to motion picture production. Any producer who wanted to use this technology had to get his express approval. Anyone who tried to create motion pictures without this approval risked being sued by Edison’s infamous legal staff. In hopes of being able to continue to experiment and produce motion pictures a group of artists and producers who called themselves the “independents” decided the best way to avoid Edison’s lawsuits was to move as far from Edison’s base in New Jersey as possible.
They eventually ended up in a small enclave in the western section of Los Angeles whose primary appeal was that its proximity to Mexico allowed for quick getaways if they heard that Edison’s men were on the way. This enclave still exists. Today, Hollywood serves as the entertainment capital of the world.
This story kept coming to mind as I read Lawrence Lessig’s account of the Google Print lawsuit. I found myself thinking of the numerous laws still on the books that document the doomed measures instituted to protect the populace and the stockholder from the dangers of madmen, artists and intellectuals.
Laws, put in place to ensure that drivers of horseless carriages stopped at each railroad crossing and waved red lanterns to warn wandering trains that this automobile intended to cross the tracks. Laws made by people who had carriages of their own and drivers for those carriages. People who had never driven an automobile in their lives and they didn’t plan to. Why would they? After all, automobiles scared horses. It never occurred to them that they might be the last of a dying breed.
The ever increasing changes in technology and the increased rate of patent issues related encourages individuals to forget that this is not a technology issue. Thomas Jefferson addresses this issue however in the letter he wrote to Isaac McPherson on August 13th 1813.

If nature has made any one thing less susceptible than all others of exclusive property, it is the action of the thinking power called an idea, which an individual may exclusively possess as long as he keeps it to himself; but the moment it is divulged, it forces itself into the possession of every one, and the receiver cannot dispossess himself of it."

Thomas Jefferson was not just a founding father he was also a revolutionary an inventor and the first patent examiner.

Jefferson, Thomas. Portable Thomas Jefferson. Harmondsworth, Eng.: Penguin, 1977.
"Thomas Edison." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Feb. 2007 <>
Lawrence Lessig, Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity, New York: Penguin Press, 2004. 368 pages.

Sunday, February 11, 2007

a brilliant summary of a complex issue.

A brilliant summary of an often misunderstood issue

This is simply the clearest quickest explanation. I have ever seen related to why Web 2.0 might actually be more than hype. I heartily recommend every student in IWTP take a gander at it.




Thursday, February 8, 2007

Students & Cavemen

This week, I would like to discuss two very different readings. The first is a collaboration between Ben Vershbow, McKenzie Wark and Jesse Wilbur and the internet community named GAM3R 7H30RY.

Mackenzie Wark is best known as the author or the Hacker’s Manifesto. No, not that one the other one. In his newest work Mr. Wark continues the unfortunate pattern of naming books based on “current” and “hip” cyber vocabulary. GAM3R 7H30RY’s obnoxious title serves as a strike against it and the text of GAM3R 7H30RY does little to redeem it.

I discovered, however that I enjoy the naked ambition of its ideas.

GAM3R 7H30RY, like the product of many revolutionaries, intellectuals and other madmen seems built with no concept of scale. From reading the section entitled about the project it is clear that the intent of their experiment is simply to help shape the evolution of the printed word as well as the act of reading. In the first few pages, however, they stop to “reappropriate” Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. In so doing it is transformed into (as it has been suggested in their own text/comment) the allegory of the C.A.V.E. This new interpretation illustrates, or at least attempts to illustrate the nature of Game Theory and its intersection with ontological questions of reality.

This makes it an interesting counterpoint to to James Paul Gee’s book What Video Games have to Teach us about Learning and Literacy. Gee’s Chapter on Learning and Identity is refreshing in its simplicity. Gee addresses the question of identity and some of its effects on learning. Gee explains how the creation of a virtual identity can serve as a key to different perspectives and help initiate new learning styles.


Gee, James Paul. "Learning and Identity." What Video Games have to Teach us about Learning and Literacy. 2003. Palgrave Macmillan: New York, NY.

Wark, McKenzie. "About This Project." GAM3R 7H3ORY. 22 May 2006. The Institute for the Future of the Book. 2 Feb. 2007-http://www.futureofthebook.org/gamertheory/?page_id=2- .

Wark, McKenzie. "Agony." GAM3ER 7H3ORY. 22 May 2006. The Instuite for the Future of the Book. 6 Feb. 2007 -http://www.futureofthebook.org/gamertheory/?p=1-.

Sunday, February 4, 2007

A Foolish Question

 Imagine traveling to a very small country to start a business this summer.. A country that despite its size on average, made more valuable goods and services than countries many times its size. A country where the average citizen was both computer literate and spoke English and the average wage was around 3.42 an hour. Yet, its GNP easily exceeded that of dozens of countries including India and China.   A country whose currency is often traded for higher than that of the Italian Lira or the Japanese Yen. Wouldn't it be nice if such a place existed? Wouldn't you want to start a business there?


The place described above does exist. Its called Norrath and is one planet in a game called Everquest.  According to a paper entitled "Virtual Worlds: A First-Hand Account of Market and Society on the Cyberian Frontier" by Edward Castronova a professor in telecommunications at Indiana University. Everything I said about Norrath including its Economic statistics are true as of 2001.  Furthermore, Castronova goes on to say that if all of the economies in Everquest in 2001 were combined Everquest would have been the sixth strongest economic power in the world. Not the sixth strongest virtual economy, the actual sixth strongest economy.   Everquest at one time had more real buying and selling power than countries like Italy and Japan yet it was surpassed by Second Life.  Surpassed.



The economics of Second Life is even more impressive. The number of individuals who make good livings from jobs in their second life increases daily.  Second Life and its residents are doing so well that they are opening ties with the American Business community. Members of the United States government including rumored Presidential candidate Governor Mark Warner, have visited and held conferences there.  Both Harvard University and New York University have held classes there.    Ginko Financial provides banks and financial information both in Second Life and the real world to ensure that Second life Residents will have easier access to their hard earned money.  



So why does everyone keep calling Second life a game? 





Castanova, Edward,  Virtual Worlds: A first hand account of Market and Society on the Cyberian Frontier" (December 2001)

CESifo Working Paper Series No. 618

http://ssrn.com/abstract=294828

Related Articles:

No Second Life is not Overhyped

Davos Does Second Life and YouTube

Thursday, February 1, 2007

Render Render Land

This post was published to A Fool and his Errand at 1:56:50 AM 2/2/2007

Render Render Land

Traditional media outlets like the New York Times and their blogging counterparts like BoingBoing have focused greatly on questions of community in the last few weeks. Whether the community being examined is that of MySpace, World of Warcraft, Second Life, or LinkedIn the question has arisen as to what defines community. Coincidentally, circumstances have conspired to make me examine very similar questions.
Before these circumstance came into play, however, many of these issues had begun to flicker at the edge of my consciousness. John Barlow's essay “Is There Any There There brought many of thoughts on community into focus. Barlow’s essays immediately grabbed my attention. They immediately reminded me of one of my favorite writers and thinkers, Corey Doctorow. Corey’s work as an author and essayist shares much with Barlow. As does his work with Copyleft and the Creative Commons issues. The most striking similarity between the two, however, is their faith in us. Corey Doctorow’s faith in society and the belief that if given enough chances we as a species may actually get it right seems to me to be mirrored by Barlow. Barlow’s faith was not what has made him the focus of this post. Nor is Barlow’s faith the reason why his essay has been posted and reposted on the internet since its publication. The understanding of community evident in that essay is why it’s so popular. The most important fact outlined in this essay is routinely ignored by both traditional media outlets and those in the blogging world. Community is independent of form or environment. Community may be found in Small Town America, or even I suppose in the Disney corporations reimagining of one. Community may be organic like those of Deadheads, Phishheads or even Gothamites. Communities may even be virtual like those of Alphaworld, World of Warcraft or Second Life. Form is irrelevant. A community only needs one thing communion. We all share a need for communion. That is why this piece has the resonance it does. Everyone can identify with Barlow. There may be no simple answer to the question of what makes a community. But we all know it when we’re part of it.

Barlow, John. "Is There a There in Cyberspace." Utne Reader 01 Feb 2007

http://www.eff.org/Misc/Publications/John_Perry_Barlow/HTML/utne_community.html.

Pasick, Adam, and Bill Lichtenstien. "A Second Life to Live." NPR 24 Oct. 2006. 29 Jan. 2007 –

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyid=6375226-

Youngsoul, Robert. "The View from the Top." Soulkerfuffle. 17 Oct 2006. 2 Feb 2007

http://soulkerfuffle.blogspot.com/2006/10/view-from-top.html.